Abstracts of Language Research

A SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS ON ENGLISH TRAFFIC SIGNS

ABSTARCT

The research entitled “A Semiotic Analysis on English Traffic Signs” is aimed to describe the types of traffic signs based on the shapes and colors. Then, the writer tries to find out how shapes and colors influence the meaning conveyed and describe the meaning of traffic signs.
The research belongs to descriptive qualitative research which does not use statistical procedure. The techniques of colleting data include noting and separating techniques. In analyzing data, the techniques used are describing and classifying the traffic signs. The objects of the research are forms of sign based on the shapes and colors that affect the meaning in traffic signs that use medium of signpost. The data are taken from some sources to support the research namely books, archives and the internet.
The result of the descriptive qualitative research shows that the traffic signs have the types of sign, namely icon, index and symbol. Any traffic signs included in icon, are some in index, and the others are in symbol. Generally, the traffic signs are combined of each type of sign. Basically, traffic sign is formed by shapes and colors. They have function to give certain messages to the viewer. Those shapes used in traffic sign are circle, diamond, pennant, rectangle, octagon, pentagon, square, crossbuck, shield and triangle. Circle, diamond, pennant, triangle and pentagon are used in warning signs. Rectangle, crossbuck, octagon, triangle and square area used in instruction signs. Square, pentagon, rectangle, and circle are used in guidance or direction signs. The colors used in traffic sign are red for instruction (stop or prohibition), black for warning and instruction in inner symbol or border line, white for guidance for inner symbol or border line, brown for guidance, blue for guidance, orange for warning, green for guidance, fluorescent yellow green for warning. According to the research findings, the combination of those shapes and colors give the types of message on meaning in traffic signs. They are warning, instruction and guidance or direction.


THE ANALYSIS OF COHESION
IN ENGLISH TOURISM BROCHURES IN YOGYAKARTA

ABSTRACT

The title of this research is The Analysis of Cohesion in English Tourism Brochures in Yogyakarta. The objectives of this research are to describe the types and features of cohesion characterizing the English tourism brochures.
This is a descriptive qualitative method. The object of this research is taken from the 22 brochures which consist of 50 texts, 294 sentences, and 562 ties. The techniques of collecting data are the cooperation with the source, means that the writer collects the brochures and divides them into several categories, then uses reading and writing techniques to select the cohesion ties, and finally uses the book reference techniques. The procedures of analyzing the data are coding each type of cohesion, reading and signing the cohesive ties in the brochures, writing in the data card, and then analyzing them.
The findings show that the types of cohesion that occur in English tourism brochures are Grammatical Cohesion: (1) Reference (20.6%) consists of personal reference (41.4%) and demonstrative reference (58.6%), (2) Ellipsis (2.9%) consists of nominal ellipsis (12.5%) and clausal ellipsis (87.5%), (3) Conjunction (45.6%) consists of additive conjunction (92.6%), adversative conjunction (4.7%), and causal conjunction (2.7%), and Lexical Cohesion: (1) Repetition (27%), (2) Synonym (10.3%), (3) Superordinate (2.9%), (4) Collocation (59.8%). The fact that the additive conjunction represents as the most prominent types and features of grammatical cohesion in English tourism brochures. Meanwhile, the most prominent types and features of lexical cohesion in English tourism brochures is collocation. It implies that the purpose of the brochures in mass media communication to inform about one product with variation words, clear and interesting sentences to the readers can be achieved.


AN ANALYSIS OF THE SYNTACTIC VARIANTS OF THE JAKARTA POST’S HEADLINES

ABSTRACT

Information technology using mass media to convey information to all people develops very fast. Because language is a means of communication, people should equip themselves by mastering language better. Related to the importance of language, the research entitled “An Analysis of the Syntactic Variants of The Jakarta Post’s Headlines” is important to conduct. This research is aimed to find out the English phrases that occur in the headlines of The Jakarta Post newspaper, the variants of English phrases in the headlines of The Jakarta Post newspaper, and what kind of the variants of English phrases which are mostly used in the headlines of The Jakarta Post newspaper.
This research sample is taken from The Jakarta Post newspaper as the data source. In this research, the researcher uses descriptive qualitative and quantitative presentation model. By using some techniques, namely; data reduction technique, matrix display technique, and conclusion drawing and verification technique, the researcher analyzes the headlines of The Jakarta Post newspaper published from April – June 2007.
The result of this research shows that all of English phrases are found in the headlines of The Jakarta Post newspaper. Among those English phrases, noun phrase is the typical appearance of English phrases since it has the highest frequent of occurrence. Related to the variants of noun phrase, noun phrase has nine variant. From the result of analysis, all of the variants of noun phrase are found in the headlines of The Jakarta Post newspaper. The variant (N with pre-modifiers and post-modifiers) remains the typical appearance of the variants of noun phrase for it appears in a lot of number. Doing analysis of the variant of verb phrase, verb phrase has four variants. Yet each of those variants also has their own sub variants. In this research, all of those four variants of verb phrase are found in The Jakarta Post’s headlines. The variant (one modal + V) becomes the typical appearance of the variants of verb phrase. Based on the analysis of the variants of prepositional phrase, prepositional phrase has five kinds and all of those variants are used in the Jakarta Post’s headlines. In this research, the variant (Prep + NP) remains the typical appearance of the variants of prepositional phrase in the headlines of The Jakarta Post newspaper. Related to the variant of adjective phrase, adjective phrase has two variants. From the research, both variants are used in The Jakarta Post’s headlines. The variant (adverb of intensifier (original word) + adjective) is the typical appearance of this variant. Based on the analysis of the variants of adverbial phrase, adverbial phrase also has two variants. Both variants are used in the headlines of The Jakarta Post newspaper. Since the variant (adverb of intensifier (by adding suffix-ly) + adverb) appears in more number, it is considered as the typical appearance of the variants of adverbial phrase in this research.


The Analysis of Language Varieties on The Black Eyed Peas Songs

ABSTRACT


The research entitled “The Analysis of Language Varieties on the Black Eyed Peas songs” is intended to identify and find kinds of language varieties and tries to find the most dominant language variety usage employed on the both of the Black Eyed Peas albums “ Elephunk” and Monkey Business” which consist of 26 songs.
The researcher collects the data from both albums of the Black Eyed Peas songs “Elephunk” and Monkey Business”. The researcher uses the noting technique by taking a note in collecting the data; the researcher applies the descriptive method to describe and to analyze all the data, because the data of this research are in the form of words. It is analyzed by identifying, analyzing, and categorizing the data. The researcher also notes the frequency of the number of the kinds of language varieties and the most dominant language variety.
Based on the result of research, there are four language varieties found inn the Black Eyed Peas Songs “Elephunk (2003) and Monkey Business”. They are Register, Vulgar, Slang, and Casual Style. There are 566 words of register (52. 65%), 303 words of slang (28. 18%), 95 vulgar words (8. 84%), and 111 words of casual style (10. 33%). Based on the percentage of the research findings, the most dominant language variety used is register.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE BETWEEN INDONESIAN “MATA YANG INDAH” AND
ENGLISH “KOMPAS’ BEST SHORT STORIES 2001”

ABSTRACT

This research entitled “A Comparative Study of the Figurative Language between Indonesian “Mata Yang Indah” and English “Kompas’ Best Short Stories 2001” is intended to interpret all of the short stories included in the book. The researcher tries to find the kinds, similarities, and differences of figurative language used in both versions.
This research uses descriptive qualitative method. In collecting the data, the researcher uses note and separating technique. The researcher makes an analysis by reading and classifying the figurative language used in Indonesian and English version. Then make the comparison of the research findings about the similarities and differences.
The results of this study show that the kinds of figurative language which are found in “Mata Yang Indah, Cerpen Pilihan Kompas 2001” (Indonesian Version) are Metaphor, Simile, Personification, Synecdoche, Metonymy, Paradox, Hyperbole, Euphemism and Irony. The kinds of figurative language which are found in “Beautiful Eyes, Kompas’ Best Short Stories 2001” (English Version) are Metaphor, Simile, Personification, Metonymy, Paradox, Hyperbole, Euphemism and Irony. The kinds of figurative language which are used similarly in Indonesian and English Version are Metaphor, Simile, Personification, Metonymy, Paradox, Hyperbole, Euphemism and Irony. For the same idea, there are many differences in using figurative language in Indonesian and English version. Many ideas are expressed using figurative language in Indonesian version but without figurative language in English version. The researcher also found that there are no ideas which are expressed using figurative language in English version but not in Indonesian version.

AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA: THE LION, THE WITCH, AND THE WARDROBE BY C.S LEWIS

ABSTRACT

This research entitled “An Analysis of Figurative Language Used in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe” is intended to find out the kinds of figurative language and the meaning of it in the novel.
The type of this research belongs to qualitative research, because it does not use any statistical procedure. In collecting data, noting and separating techniques are used. The writer reads the novel, records figurative language, then puts the data into cards, and then analyzes them.
The result of the research shows that the kinds of figurative language used in this novel are personification, simile, synecdoche, hyperbole, metaphor, and irony. The writer uses figurative language to compare something with human being, to compare two things explicitly, to mention a part of thing standing for the whole, to mention something by enlarging it, to compare two things essentially unlike, and to express something in contrast.

AN ANALYSIS ON THE ENGLISH ADJECTIVE FORMATION

ABSTRACT



Every speaker of every language knows thousands of words. Someone who does not know English well would not know where one word begins or ends. Meanwhile, mass media information develops fast everyday. Therefore, people have to improve their language mastery to be better. The research entitled “An Analysis on the English Adjective Formation” could be a reference for them. The aim of the research is to find out the morphological process of English adjective which is occurred in the headlines of The Jakarta Post newspaper, the affixes to form English adjective are mostly used in The Jakarta Post newspaper, and the meaning of affixes used to form English adjective in the headlines of The Jakarta Post newspaper.
The researcher applies a descriptive qualitative research. The data of this research are in the words form which are adhered by affixes in order to form English adjective used in five days publications of The Jakarta Post’ headline. Those words become the primary data of this research. Moreover, the secondary data of this research are taken from the derivational process of some experts’ theory in websites and several linguistic books. In collecting data, the researcher uses noting technique. This research sample is taken from The Jakarta Post newspaper as the data source which is published on January 4th 2009, January 13th 2009, January 15th 2009, February 9th 2009, and February 11th 2009.
Based on the result of this research, it can be proved that both of morphological process of English adjective is occurred in the headlines of The Jakarta Post newspaper. Derivational process in the adjective formation has higher frequency of occurrence than inflectional process. From the result of analysis, the affix which is mostly found in the headlines of The Jakarta Post newspaper is suffix. Doing analysis of the suffix in derivational process of English adjective, adjective can be derived from noun and verb. In this research, both noun and verb are found in The Jakarta Post’s headlines. The adjective derived from noun becomes the typical appearance of the derivational process in English adjective formation. The meaning of derivational affixes are “negative sense”, “ability”, “having a particular thing”, “full of filled with and having the quality of”, “having no or without”, “typical or like a particular quality or from the country mentioned”, “made of a particular material” and “tending toward or having nature of”, and other meanings. Since the derivational suffix (-al) appears in more number than others. The meaning of derivational suffix (-al) is considered as the typical appearance of the meaning of affixes to form English adjective, that is “related to or characterized by”.

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION TOWARD
AZWAR ABBAS’ MODULE OF STRUCTURE 3 USED IN
ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM OF UAD
(A CASE STUDY)

ABSTRACT
This research was designed to investigate the students’ perception toward a module of Structure 3 written by Azwar Abbas M.Hum used in English Department Research Program of Ahmad Dahlan University. This research was conducted on some reasons; first, the great demand of using a good module; and second, some students’ complaints on the material use. The research was aimed at describing students’ perceptions toward the module of structure 3 used in English Education Study Program of UAD Yogyakarta and at describing its strengths and weaknesses manifested in the learning process.
This research was a qualitative case study, since it dealt with a holistic description. The research was undertaken in English Education Study Program of Ahmad Dahlan University of Yogyakarta (UAD). The population was the students who had taken Structure 3 sitting on the fourth semester of UAD. This research used proportional random sampling and the researcher took 40% from the number of students in each class to be the sample of the research. The procedure to collect the data was through questionnaire and open ended survey, in the form of notes. The questionnaires were conducted to see the students’ perceptions on students’ view and action, while the open ended survey was to know the students’ hope toward the module. In analyzing the data, the researcher did scoring from the data gained by questionnaires. Meanwhile the gained note was analyzed by coding, thematizing and interpreting the note.
The research findings showed that from each category’s scoring, there are 8 from 11 categories which need to have some improvements. The categories were classroom activities, authentic materials, the relevance of the assignment, gradation, logicality and systematization, evaluation, the advantages for the students’ self actualization or enlightenment and the advantages for teacher’s teaching strategy. It implied the module was weak in those categories. Yet, the positive supports from the students were given toward the module and became the strengths of the module. They were the relevance of the materials, the topics of discussions and the advantages for the students’ classroom activities. This research concluded that materials of Structure 3 had met the criteria of good textbook materials. However, revisions including reductions and additions were required.


AN ANALYSIS OF THE LANGUAGE STYLE USED IN ENGLISH CLASS BY THE INSTRUCTORS IN ADISUTJIPTO AIR FORCE ACADEMY

ABSTRACT


The research entitled An Analysis of the Language Style used in English Class by the Instructors in Adisutjipto Air Force Academy is intended to identify the diction and to describe the tone and intonation of the An Analysis of the Language Style in English Class by the Instructors in Adisutjipto Air Force Academy.
In this thesis, the writer uses the qualitative research method that uses the non-numeral data. The data are obtained from the conversation and utterances in the instructor’s speech. The data in this research are all words in the sentences that are uttered by the instructors. The writer collects the data by observing, noting, recording and listening to all of utterances of the instructor’s speech. The writer collects the data by joining the English class, recording and noting all of the utterance of the instructors’ speech. The writer uses purposive sampling, technique to determine the data sample. So, she just takes some utterance of all the data. The researcher applies the descriptive technique to analysis of the data. The collected data are identified, categorized and analyzed on the basis of linguistic knowledge of the writer.
The research findings show: (1) the diction of language style can be relation into the diction of register (the using military register in English class by the instructors), the diction of jargon (the using of military jargon in English class by the instructors). In speech the instructors often use register and jargon as diction of their speech in English class situation. The instructor’s speech has some diction as their characteristic of their community. (2) The tone and intonation conducted by the instructors are classified into falling intonation, rising intonation, falling- rising intonation, rising-falling intonation.